.NET
Framework is a partially open source and a freeware software framework
that has been developed by team Microsoft. It runs basically on
Microsoft Windows and consists of a huge class library named as FCL
(Framework Class Library). It provides the user with language
interoperability option across different programming languages. The
programs that are written for .NET Framework are executed in a software
environment which is known as CLR or Common Language Runtime. With
varied technologies and tools provided by this platform, it helps in the
development of web, Windows as well as Enterprise applications.
Besides
the CLR and FLR, there are other components of this framework. These
include Dynamic Language Runtimes (DLR), Runtime Host, Application
Domains, .NET Framework Security, Cross-Language Interoperability,
Common Type System, Profiling, Side-by-Side Execution and Metadata and
Self-Describing Components.
Common Language Runtime (CLR)
Common
Language Runtime or CLR is a runtime environment provided by .Net
Framework. This environment has the ability to run all .Net Programs.
The code that is used for running under the CLR is termed as Managed
Code. Programmers need not to worry about the issue of memory management
in the event of programs running under the CLR since it has the
provision of the same in addition to thread management.
Whenever
a program requires memory, CLR programmatically makes the allocation of
memory for scope and de-allocates the same on completion of the same.
The language compilers such as C#, .Net, J #, and VB will assist in the
conversion of the Program or Code to a Microsoft Intermediate Language
or MSIL which in turn will get converted to the native code by the CLR.
.Net Framework Class Library
Also
known as Base Class Library, it is a common library for all types of
applications with respect to the way of accessing the Library Classes
along with the methods in VB.NET. It will be the same for all other
languages in .NET including C#. This component provides data access,
cryptography, database connectivity, user interface, numeric algorithms,
network communications as well as web application development. The .NET
Class Library can be used by XML Web Services, Windows Application, Web
Application, Windows Services as well as Console Application.
Developers
while using this component only require importing Base Class Library
within their language code and use the predefined methods along with the
properties of this component for implementing complex and common
functions like graphic rendering, XML document manipulation, database
interaction and reading and writing to file. It is inclusive of classes
and interfaces that are basically reusable and integrates CLR.
Common Type System (CTS)
It
is a set of data types that is often used in various .Net languages.
CTS ensure the developers that the objects written in several of these
languages have the ability to interact with one another. These types
have to be compatible with each other at the very basic level in order
to communicate between the programs that are written in any .NET
complaint language.
The
specification with respect to CTS defines all possible data types along
with programming constructs supported by CLR as well as the way they
might or might not have any interaction with one another thereby
conforming to CLI or the Common Language Infrastructure. Owing to
specifically this feature, this structure basically supports exchange of
types as well as object instances between the libraries as well as the
applications that have been written using any conforming .NET language.
Interoperability
Computer
systems in common require having interaction between older as well as
newer applications. The framework provides the developers with the means
of accessing the functionality that has been implemented in the newer
as well as the older programs that are executed outside the related
environment.
This
platform is inclusive of design features as well as tools that help in
management of the installation of computer software. It is generally
done so as to ensure zero interference on the part of this software with
the previously installed ones as well as to make it sure that it
conforms to different security requirements.
Programmers
using the framework produce the software by using a combination of
their personal source code with this structure along with various other
libraries. It has been built for the purpose of being used by most of
the new applications that are being created for Windows platform. You
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